Difference between revisions of "Basic Laravel Training (for CV)"

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Line 103: Line 103:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== View (Blade Template) ====
 
==== View (Blade Template) ====
−
* <meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">
+
* <code><meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}"></code>
−
* {{ config('app.name', 'Laravel') }}
+
* <code>{{ config('app.name', 'Laravel') }}</code>
 
* @include('inc.messages')
 
* @include('inc.messages')
 
* @yield('content')
 
* @yield('content')
Line 112: Line 112:
 
* @for
 
* @for
 
* @foreach
 
* @foreach
 +
* @csrf
 
* {{}}
 
* {{}}
 
* {!!  !!}
 
* {!!  !!}
  
 
=== Database ===
 
=== Database ===
 +
==== Preparation ====
 +
* สร้าง database (สมมติว่าชื่อ laravel_training)
 +
* แก้ไข <code>.env</code>
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight>
 +
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
 +
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
 +
DB_PORT=3306
 +
DB_DATABASE=laravel_training
 +
DB_USERNAME=USERNAME
 +
DB_PASSWORD=PASSWORD
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* แก้ไข file <code>app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php</code> ข้างบนสุดเพิ่ม
 +
*: <pre>use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;</pre>
 +
* แก้ไข file <code>app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php</code> function boot เพิ่ม
 +
*: <pre>Schema::defaultStringLength(191);</pre>
 +
* ลอง migrate default script
 +
*: <pre>php artisan migrate</pre>
 +
 
==== Model & DB ====
 
==== Model & DB ====
 
* php artisan make:model MODEL_NAME --migration
 
* php artisan make:model MODEL_NAME --migration
 
* php artisan make:migration MIGRATION_NAME
 
* php artisan make:migration MIGRATION_NAME
 +
* Sample
 +
*: <!--syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
<?php
 +
    public function up()
 +
    {
 +
        Schema::enableForeignKeyConstraints();
 +
        Schema::create('cvdrive_comments', function (Blueprint $table) {
 +
            $table->increments('id');
 +
            $table->text('comment')->nullable($value = true);
 +
            $table->integer('cvdrive_item_id')->unsigned();
 +
            $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
 +
            $table->integer('cvdrive_comment_id')->unsigned()->nullable($value = true);
 +
            $table->timestamps();
 +
 +
            $table->foreign('cvdrive_item_id')->references('id')->on('cvdrive_items')->onDelete('cascade');
 +
            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
 +
            $table->foreign('cvdrive_comment_id')->references('id')->on('cvdrive_comments')->onDelete('cascade');
 +
        });
 +
    }
 +
 +
    public function down()
 +
    {
 +
        Schema::dropIfExists('cvdrive_comments');
 +
    }
 +
}
 +
 +
</syntaxhighlight-->
  
 
==== Eloquent ====
 
==== Eloquent ====
 +
* php artisan tinker
 +
* new item
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$course = new course();
 +
$course->number = "2110221";
 +
$course->title = "Computer Engineering Essentials";
 +
$course->year = 2018;
 +
$course->semester = 2;
 +
$course->save();
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* duplicate item : $newcourse2 = $newcourse->replicate();
 +
* fetch item
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$allcourses = course::all();
 +
$findcourse = course::find(1);
 +
$findcourse = course::where(number,"2110221")->get();
 +
 +
// ->where("title","like","%".$keyword."%")
 +
// ->orderBy('created_at','desc')
 +
// ->paginate(10);
 +
// In view show page numbers: {{$items->links()}}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* edit item
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$course = course::find(1);
 +
$course->title = "NEW NAME";
 +
$course->save();
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* delete item
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$course = course::find(1);
 +
$course->delete();
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
==== Handle CRUD ====
 
==== Handle CRUD ====
Line 126: Line 205:
 
* method: get, post, patch, delete
 
* method: get, post, patch, delete
 
* Route::resource('ROUTE', 'CONTROLLER');
 
* Route::resource('ROUTE', 'CONTROLLER');
 +
* php artisan route:list
 +
* Handle request
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$name = $request->input('name', 'Default');
 +
$name = $request->name;
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Validation --> [https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/validation See Doc]
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$request->validate([
 +
    'title' => 'required|max:255',
 +
    'body' => 'required',
 +
]);
 +
 +
// Frontend display error
 +
@if ($errors->any())
 +
    <div class="alert alert-danger">
 +
        <ul>
 +
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
 +
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
 +
            @endforeach
 +
        </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
@endif
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
==== Relationship ====
 +
===== one to one =====
 +
* Defining relationship
 +
*: return $this->hasOne('App\Phone', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
 +
* Defining inverse relationship
 +
*: return $this->belongsTo('App\User', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
 +
 +
===== one to many =====
 +
* Defining relationship
 +
*: return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
 +
* Defining inverse relationship
 +
*: return $this->belongsTo('App\Post', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
 +
 +
===== many to many =====
 +
* Defining relationship
 +
*: return $this->belongsToMany('App\Role', 'role_user', 'user_id', 'role_id');
 +
*: return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')
 +
* Defining inverse relationship
 +
*: return $this->belongsToMany('App\User', 'role_user', 'role_id', 'user_id');
 +
*: return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')
  
 
=== Authentication ===
 
=== Authentication ===
 +
==== Preparation ====
 +
* php artisan make:auth
 +
 
==== User System ====
 
==== User System ====
 +
* $user = Auth::user();
 +
* $id = Auth::id();
 +
* Protect route
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
// Protect in route
 +
Route::get('index','homecontroller@index')->middleware('auth');
 +
 +
// Protect in constructor
 +
public __construct{
 +
    $this->middleware('auth', ['except' => ['getActivate', 'anotherMethod']]);
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Check if the user is loggedin
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
if (Auth::check()) {
 +
    // The user is logged in...
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
  
 
==== Access Control ====
 
==== Access Control ====
 +
* Using Policy
 +
* php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME
 +
* php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME --model=MODEL // Create with basic CRUD
 +
* Register Policy in <code>App/Providers/Authserviceprovider.php</code>
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
    protected $policies = [
 +
        Post::class => PostPolicy::class,
 +
    ];
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Writing Policy
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
public function update(User $user, Post $post){
 +
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
 +
}
 +
 +
// Check Policy
 +
if ($user->can('update', $post)) {
 +
    //
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Writing Policy without model
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
public function create(User $user){
 +
    //
 +
}
 +
 +
// Check Policy
 +
if ($user->can('create', Post::class)) { // ต้องบอก class เพื่อจะได้รู้ว่าจะไปเรียกจาก policy ของ class ไหน
 +
    //
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Writing Policy in View
 +
*: <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
@can('update', $post)
 +
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
 +
@elsecan('create', App\Post::class)
 +
    <!-- The Current User Can Create New Post -->
 +
@endcan
 +
 +
 +
@if (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
 +
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
 +
@endif
 +
 +
 +
@unless (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
 +
    <!-- The Current User Can't Update The Post -->
 +
@endunless
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
== Testing ==
 +
* Make test <syntaxhighlight>
 +
// Create a test in the tests/Feature directory...
 +
php artisan make:test UserTest
 +
 +
// Create a test in the tests/Unit directory...
 +
php artisan make:test UserTest --unit
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Run test : In your project root run <pre>vendor/bin/phpunit</pre>
 +
* The CSRF middleware is automatically disabled when running tests
 +
* Use model factory to generate fake object
 +
** Factory is at <code> database/factories/UserFactory.php</code>
 +
** In testing <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
$user = factory(User::class)->create();
 +
$response = $this->actingAs($user)->withSession(['foo' => 'bar'])->get('/');
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Browser Test [[https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/dusk https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/dusk]]
 +
* And more ... in Laravel Doc
 +
 +
== More and More ==
 +
=== Middleware ===
 +
* อยู่ระหว่าง routing กับ controller
 +
** มีอยู่แล้วคือ Auth
 +
** อาจมีอื่นๆ เช่น CORS middleware, Log middleware
 +
* การสร้าง Middleware
 +
** <code>php artisan make:middleware CheckAge</code>
 +
** File จะอยู่ที่ <code> app/Http/Middleware</code>
 +
** ตัวอย่างนี้ เป็น middleware ที่เช็ค age
 +
*** ถ้า age <= 200 จะไม่อนุญาตให้ไปต่อ โดยจะ redirect ไปที่ home
 +
*** ถ้า age > 200 จะไปต่อ โดยเรียก $next($request) $next คือ function ที่มันควรจะเข้าจริงๆ
 +
** <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
<?php
 +
 +
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
 +
 +
use Closure;
 +
 +
class CheckAge
 +
{
 +
    /**
 +
    * Handle an incoming request.
 +
    *
 +
    * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 +
    * @param  \Closure  $next
 +
    * @return mixed
 +
    */
 +
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
 +
    {
 +
        if ($request->age <= 200) {
 +
            return redirect('home');
 +
        }
 +
 +
        return $next($request);
 +
    }
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
** Middleware อาจจะทำก่อน หริือ หลัง request ก็ได้
 +
*** ทำก่อน (ตัวอย่างกรณีข้างบน)
 +
*** ทำหลัง <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
 +
    {
 +
        $response = $next($request);
 +
 +
        // Perform action
 +
 +
        return $response;
 +
    }
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* หลังจากสร้างแล้ว จะต้องเอาไป register ไว้ที่ <code> app/Http/Kernel.php</code>
 +
* การนำไปใช้
 +
** จะเอาไปผูกกับ route <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
Route::get('admin/profile', function () {
 +
    //
 +
})->middleware('auth', 'second_middleware');
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
* Middleware group (Assign ทีเดียวหลายตัวเป็น group)
 +
* Middleware parameters
 +
** ตัวอย่างการเช็ค role <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
<?php
 +
 +
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
 +
 +
use Closure;
 +
 +
class CheckRole
 +
{
 +
    /**
 +
    * Handle the incoming request.
 +
    *
 +
    * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 +
    * @param  \Closure  $next
 +
    * @param  string  $role
 +
    * @return mixed
 +
    */
 +
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role)
 +
    {
 +
        if (! $request->user()->hasRole($role)) {
 +
            // Redirect...
 +
        }
 +
 +
        return $next($request);
 +
    }
 +
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
** การนำไปใช้ กรณีนี้จะตรวจสอบว่า route นี้จะเข้าได้เฉพาะคนที่มี role เป็น editor เท่านั้น <syntaxhighlight lang="php">
 +
Route::put('post/{id}', function ($id) {
 +
    //
 +
})->middleware('role:editor');
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
=== OAUTH ===
 +
* [[https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/passport Laravel Passport (Library for OAUTH Server)]]
 +
 +
== More References ==
 +
* [[https://github.com/alexeymezenin/laravel-best-practices#follow-laravel-naming-conventions Laravel Best Practices]]

Latest revision as of 00:13, 26 April 2019

Reference

  • Laravel Documentation
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8

Installation

Requirements

  • PHP >= 7.1.3
  • OpenSSL PHP Extension
  • PDO PHP Extension
  • Mbstring PHP Extension
  • Tokenizer PHP Extension
  • XML PHP Extension
  • Ctype PHP Extension
  • JSON PHP Extension
  • BCMath PHP Extension

Steps

  1. Install LAMP Stack (ie. XAMPP) อย่าลืมจำ mysql root password!!
  2. Install Composer
    https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md#installation-linux-unix-macos
    หมายเหตุ: เวลาเรียกใช้งาน composer อาจจะต้องใช้ ./composer.phar แทนที่ composer ถ้าทำการ Install composer เป็น local
  3. สร้าง Laravel Project โดยใช้ composer 
    composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel PROJECT_NAME
  4. Run Local Development Server 
    php artisan serve # for running on localhost:8000
    or
    php artisan serve --port=8888 # for running on localhost:8888

Basic Tutorial

Important directory / file

  • app Where the models are
    • Http
      • Controllers
      • Middleware
  • config
  • database
  • public Where the public files (ie. css, js)
  • resources
    • views
  • routes
    • api.php
    • web.php
  • vendor Where the additional libraries store
  • .env all environment variables (ie. DB username/password)

Intro

Controller & Route

  1. Let's make a controller: page_controller 
    php artisan make:controller CONTROLLER_NAME
    จะมีไฟล์ app/Http/Controllers/page_controller.php ปรากฎ
  2. ในไฟล์จะมี code เหล่านี้ 
     1 <?php
 2 
 3 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 4 
 5 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 6 
 7 class page_controller extends Controller
 8 {
 9     //
10 }
  3. ลองสร้าง method index 
    1     public function index(){
2         $menu = array("Home", "My course", "Setting");
3         return $menu;
4     }
  4. เพิ่ม Route ใน routes/web.php 
    1 Route::get('home','page_controller@index');
  5. ลองทดสอบเรียก url 
    http://localhost:8000/home
  6. ปกติแล้วสิ่งที่ controller คืนมักจะไม่ใช่ array หรือ object ธรรมดา ยกเว้นกรณีที่กำลังเขียน api .. หากเป็นกรณี webpage มักจะคืนเป็น view
  7. ลองสร้าง view (การสร้าง view จะไม่สามารถเรียกผ่าน artisan ได้ จะต้องสร้างด้วยตัวเอง ใน resources/views โดยให้สร้าง view ชื่อว่า home.blade.php
  8. ใน controller method index จะเปลี่ยนแปลงการ return ให้ return view แทน 
    1     public function index(){
2         $menu = array("Home", "My course", "Setting");
3         return view("home")->with('menu',$menu);
4     }
  9. ใน home.blade.php ให้ลองเขียน html เพื่อแสดง menu เป็น unordered list 
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 6     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
 7     <title>Document</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10     <ul>
11         @foreach($menu as $eachmenu)
12             <li>{{$eachmenu}}</li>
13         @endforeach
14     </ul>
15 </body>
16 </html>

View (Blade Template)

Database

Preparation

  • สร้าง database (สมมติว่าชื่อ laravel_training)
  • แก้ไข .env 
    DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel_training
DB_USERNAME=USERNAME
DB_PASSWORD=PASSWORD
  • แก้ไข file app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php ข้างบนสุดเพิ่ม 
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
  • แก้ไข file app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php function boot เพิ่ม 
    Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
  • ลอง migrate default script 
    php artisan migrate

Model & DB

  • php artisan make:model MODEL_NAME --migration
  • php artisan make:migration MIGRATION_NAME
  • Sample

Eloquent

  • php artisan tinker
  • new item 
    $course = new course();
$course->number = "2110221";
$course->title = "Computer Engineering Essentials";
$course->year = 2018;
$course->semester = 2;
$course->save();
  • duplicate item : $newcourse2 = $newcourse->replicate();
  • fetch item 
    $allcourses = course::all();
$findcourse = course::find(1);
$findcourse = course::where(number,"2110221")->get();

// ->where("title","like","%".$keyword."%")
// ->orderBy('created_at','desc')
// ->paginate(10);
// In view show page numbers: {{$items->links()}}
  • edit item 
    $course = course::find(1);
$course->title = "NEW NAME";
$course->save();
  • delete item 
    $course = course::find(1);
$course->delete();

Handle CRUD

  • php artisan make:controller CONTROLLER_NAME --resource
  • method: get, post, patch, delete
  • Route::resource('ROUTE', 'CONTROLLER');
  • php artisan route:list
  • Handle request 
    $name = $request->input('name', 'Default'); 
$name = $request->name;
  • Validation --> See Doc 
    $request->validate([
    'title' => 'required|max:255',
    'body' => 'required',
]);

// Frontend display error
@if ($errors->any())
    <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <ul>
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    </div>
@endif

Relationship

one to one
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->hasOne('App\Phone', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsTo('App\User', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
one to many
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsTo('App\Post', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
many to many
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->belongsToMany('App\Role', 'role_user', 'user_id', 'role_id');
    return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsToMany('App\User', 'role_user', 'role_id', 'user_id');
    return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')

Authentication

Preparation

  • php artisan make:auth

User System

  • $user = Auth::user();
  • $id = Auth::id();
  • Protect route 
    // Protect in route
Route::get('index','homecontroller@index')->middleware('auth');

// Protect in constructor
public __construct{
    $this->middleware('auth', ['except' => ['getActivate', 'anotherMethod']]);
}
  • Check if the user is loggedin 
    if (Auth::check()) {
    // The user is logged in...
}

Access Control

  • Using Policy
  • php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME
  • php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME --model=MODEL // Create with basic CRUD
  • Register Policy in App/Providers/Authserviceprovider.php 
        protected $policies = [
        Post::class => PostPolicy::class,
    ];
  • Writing Policy 
    public function update(User $user, Post $post){
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}

// Check Policy
if ($user->can('update', $post)) {
    //
}
  • Writing Policy without model 
    public function create(User $user){
    //
}

// Check Policy
if ($user->can('create', Post::class)) { // ต้องบอก class เพื่อจะได้รู้ว่าจะไปเรียกจาก policy ของ class ไหน
    // 
}
  • Writing Policy in View 
    @can('update', $post)
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
@elsecan('create', App\Post::class)
    <!-- The Current User Can Create New Post -->
@endcan


@if (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
@endif


@unless (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
    <!-- The Current User Can't Update The Post -->
@endunless

Testing

  • Make test 
    // Create a test in the tests/Feature directory...
php artisan make:test UserTest

// Create a test in the tests/Unit directory...
php artisan make:test UserTest --unit
  • Run test : In your project root run 
    vendor/bin/phpunit
  • The CSRF middleware is automatically disabled when running tests
  • Use model factory to generate fake object
    • Factory is at database/factories/UserFactory.php
    • In testing 
      $user = factory(User::class)->create();
$response = $this->actingAs($user)->withSession(['foo' => 'bar'])->get('/');
  • Browser Test [https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/dusk]
  • And more ... in Laravel Doc

More and More

Middleware

  • อยู่ระหว่าง routing กับ controller
    • มีอยู่แล้วคือ Auth
    • อาจมีอื่นๆ เช่น CORS middleware, Log middleware
  • การสร้าง Middleware
    • php artisan make:middleware CheckAge
    • File จะอยู่ที่ app/Http/Middleware
    • ตัวอย่างนี้ เป็น middleware ที่เช็ค age
      • ถ้า age <= 200 จะไม่อนุญาตให้ไปต่อ โดยจะ redirect ไปที่ home
      • ถ้า age > 200 จะไปต่อ โดยเรียก $next($request) $next คือ function ที่มันควรจะเข้าจริงๆ
    • <?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class CheckAge
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($request->age <= 200) {
            return redirect('home');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}
    • Middleware อาจจะทำก่อน หริือ หลัง request ก็ได้
      • ทำก่อน (ตัวอย่างกรณีข้างบน)
      • ทำหลัง 
            public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $response = $next($request);

        // Perform action

        return $response;
    }
  • หลังจากสร้างแล้ว จะต้องเอาไป register ไว้ที่ app/Http/Kernel.php
  • การนำไปใช้
    • จะเอาไปผูกกับ route 
      Route::get('admin/profile', function () {
    //
})->middleware('auth', 'second_middleware');
  • Middleware group (Assign ทีเดียวหลายตัวเป็น group)
  • Middleware parameters
    • ตัวอย่างการเช็ค role 
      <?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class CheckRole
{
    /**
     * Handle the incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @param  string  $role
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role)
    {
        if (! $request->user()->hasRole($role)) {
            // Redirect...
        }

        return $next($request);
    }

}
    • การนำไปใช้ กรณีนี้จะตรวจสอบว่า route นี้จะเข้าได้เฉพาะคนที่มี role เป็น editor เท่านั้น 
      Route::put('post/{id}', function ($id) {
    //
})->middleware('role:editor');

OAUTH

More References

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