Basic Laravel Training (for CV)

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Revision as of 09:22, 15 March 2019 by Tata (talk | contribs) (→‎Eloquent)
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Reference

  • Laravel Documentation
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8

Installation

Requirements

  • PHP >= 7.1.3
  • OpenSSL PHP Extension
  • PDO PHP Extension
  • Mbstring PHP Extension
  • Tokenizer PHP Extension
  • XML PHP Extension
  • Ctype PHP Extension
  • JSON PHP Extension
  • BCMath PHP Extension

Steps

  1. Install LAMP Stack (ie. XAMPP) อย่าลืมจำ mysql root password!!
  2. Install Composer
    https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md#installation-linux-unix-macos
    หมายเหตุ: เวลาเรียกใช้งาน composer อาจจะต้องใช้ ./composer.phar แทนที่ composer ถ้าทำการ Install composer เป็น local
  3. สร้าง Laravel Project โดยใช้ composer 
    composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel PROJECT_NAME
  4. Run Local Development Server 
    php artisan serve # for running on localhost:8000
    or
    php artisan serve --port=8888 # for running on localhost:8888

Basic Tutorial

Important directory / file

  • app Where the models are
    • Http
      • Controllers
      • Middleware
  • config
  • database
  • public Where the public files (ie. css, js)
  • resources
    • views
  • routes
    • api.php
    • web.php
  • vendor Where the additional libraries store
  • .env all environment variables (ie. DB username/password)

Intro

Controller & Route

  1. Let's make a controller: page_controller 
    php artisan make:controller CONTROLLER_NAME
    จะมีไฟล์ app/Http/Controllers/page_controller.php ปรากฎ
  2. ในไฟล์จะมี code เหล่านี้ 
     1 <?php
 2 
 3 namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 4 
 5 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 6 
 7 class page_controller extends Controller
 8 {
 9     //
10 }
  3. ลองสร้าง method index 
    1     public function index(){
2         $menu = array("Home", "My course", "Setting");
3         return $menu;
4     }
  4. เพิ่ม Route ใน routes/web.php 
    1 Route::get('home','page_controller@index');
  5. ลองทดสอบเรียก url 
    http://localhost:8000/home
  6. ปกติแล้วสิ่งที่ controller คืนมักจะไม่ใช่ array หรือ object ธรรมดา ยกเว้นกรณีที่กำลังเขียน api .. หากเป็นกรณี webpage มักจะคืนเป็น view
  7. ลองสร้าง view (การสร้าง view จะไม่สามารถเรียกผ่าน artisan ได้ จะต้องสร้างด้วยตัวเอง ใน resources/views โดยให้สร้าง view ชื่อว่า home.blade.php
  8. ใน controller method index จะเปลี่ยนแปลงการ return ให้ return view แทน 
    1     public function index(){
2         $menu = array("Home", "My course", "Setting");
3         return view("home")->with('menu',$menu);
4     }
  9. ใน home.blade.php ให้ลองเขียน html เพื่อแสดง menu เป็น unordered list 
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 6     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
 7     <title>Document</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10     <ul>
11         @foreach($menu as $eachmenu)
12             <li>{{$eachmenu}}</li>
13         @endforeach
14     </ul>
15 </body>
16 </html>

View (Blade Template)

Database

Preparation

  • สร้าง database (สมมติว่าชื่อ laravel_training)
  • แก้ไข .env 
    DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel_training
DB_USERNAME=USERNAME
DB_PASSWORD=PASSWORD
  • แก้ไข file app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php ข้างบนสุดเพิ่ม 
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
  • แก้ไข file app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php function boot เพิ่ม 
    Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
  • ลอง migrate default script 
    php artisan migrate

Model & DB

  • php artisan make:model MODEL_NAME --migration
  • php artisan make:migration MIGRATION_NAME
  • Sample

Eloquent

  • php artisan tinker
  • new item 
    $course = new course();
$course->number = "2110221";
$course->title = "Computer Engineering Essentials";
$course->year = 2018;
$course->semester = 2;
$course->save();
  • fetch item 
    $allcourses = course::all();
$findcourse = course::find(1);
$findcourse = course::where(number,"2110221")->get();

// ->where("title","like","%".$keyword."%")
// ->orderBy('created_at','desc')
// ->paginate(10);
// In view show page numbers: {{$items->links()}}
  • edit item 
    $course = course::find(1);
$course->title = "NEW NAME";
$course->save();
  • delete item 
    $course = course::find(1);
$course->delete();

Handle CRUD

  • php artisan make:controller CONTROLLER_NAME --resource
  • method: get, post, patch, delete
  • Route::resource('ROUTE', 'CONTROLLER');
  • php artisan route:list
  • Handle request 
    $name = $request->input('name', 'Default'); 
$name = $request->name;
  • Validation --> See Doc 
    $request->validate([
    'title' => 'required|max:255',
    'body' => 'required',
]);

// Frontend display error
@if ($errors->any())
    <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <ul>
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    </div>
@endif

Relationship

one to one
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->hasOne('App\Phone', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsTo('App\User', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
one to many
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'foreign_key', 'local_key');
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsTo('App\Post', 'foreign_key', 'other_key');
many to many
  • Defining relationship
    return $this->belongsToMany('App\Role', 'role_user', 'user_id', 'role_id');
    return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')
  • Defining inverse relationship
    return $this->belongsToMany('App\User', 'role_user', 'role_id', 'user_id');
    return $this->belongsToMany('Model','Intermediate table name','fk of current model','fk of another model')

Authentication

Preparation

  • php artisan make:auth

User System

  • $user = Auth::user();
  • $id = Auth::id();
  • Protect route 
    // Protect in route
Route::get('index','homecontroller@index')->middleware('auth');

// Protect in constructor
public __construct{
    $this->middleware('auth', ['except' => ['getActivate', 'anotherMethod']]);
}
  • Check if the user is loggedin 
    if (Auth::check()) {
    // The user is logged in...
}

Access Control

  • Using Policy
  • php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME
  • php artisan make:policy POLICY_NAME --model=MODEL // Create with basic CRUD
  • Register Policy in App/Providers/Authserviceprovider.php 
        protected $policies = [
        Post::class => PostPolicy::class,
    ];
  • Writing Policy 
    public function update(User $user, Post $post){
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}

// Check Policy
if ($user->can('update', $post)) {
    //
}
  • Writing Policy without model 
    public function create(User $user){
    //
}

// Check Policy
if ($user->can('create', Post::class)) { // ต้องบอก class เพื่อจะได้รู้ว่าจะไปเรียกจาก policy ของ class ไหน
    // 
}
  • Writing Policy in View 
    @can('update', $post)
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
@elsecan('create', App\Post::class)
    <!-- The Current User Can Create New Post -->
@endcan


@if (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
    <!-- The Current User Can Update The Post -->
@endif


@unless (Auth::user()->can('update', $post))
    <!-- The Current User Can't Update The Post -->
@endunless
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